REFERENCES

1.       Norhalim  Hj. Ibrahim , (1998). Some Observations on Adat and Adat Leadership In Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. Southeast Asian Studies, Vol 26, No 2.Retrieved from   https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CD0QFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fkyoto-seas.org%2Fpdf%2F26%2F2%2F260204.pdf&ei=OC7RU5raC5GJuATpiIHIDQ&usg=AFQjCNFX5O3SzN9jk_E6SqXXyWQeAb4e_g&sig2=POPJ-rIl_UMcZRgaZb-cAw

2.           Prof. Dr. Jowita Juhairy, (2011). Abstraction and Concreteness in Customary Practices in Malaysia: A Perliminary Understanding. International journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol 1, No 17. Retrieved from http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_1_No_17_Special_Issue_November_2011/31.pdf

3.        Azzal Abu Talib, ( 1993). Sistem Bersuku Masyarakat Adat Perpatih di Negeri Sembilan. Fakulti Sains Kemasyarakatan dan Kemanusiaan , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Retrieved from http://202.185.40.214/idc/groups/portal_aperpatih/documents/ukmpd/adat_05007.pdf

4.        Prof. Dr. Jowati binti Juhary, (2011). Abstraction and Concreteness in Customary Practices       in Malaysia: A Preliminary Understanding. International Journal of Humanities and Social  Science Vol. 1 No. 17. Retrieved from                                              http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_1_No_17_Special_Issue_November_2011/31.pdf

5.        A.Adibah, RG Geo-Law and Dr. Shahida Mohd Ariff, (2009). Adat and Land Laws in Malaysia.Universiti Teknologi Mara. Retrieved                                                    from http://eprints.utm.my/9487/1/AdibahAwang2009_Adat_land_laws_in_Malaysia.pdf

6.        Haji Mohd. Arifin Naim.(2011). Suku Biduanda Lela Maharaja. Retrieved from http://waghihbiduandalelamaharaja.blogspot.com/2011/10/keunikan-adat-perpatih.html

7.        Miss.P. (2013). The Unique Matrilineal - Adat Perpatih. Retrieved from http://itslaw.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-unique-matrilineal-adat-perpatih.html

8.       Walk the Land in Malaysia. (2013). The State Of Nageri Sembilan, Chapter 10. Retrieved from  http://www.theprovider.org.my/WTL/pdf/en/10%20N%20Sembilan_E.pdf

9.        Journey Malaysia. (2014). Negeri Sembilan State- Peninsular Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.journeymalaysia.com/M2state_negerisembilan.htm

CONCLUSION

Adat Perpatih is a major symbol that has been identified with Malays in Negeri Sembilan and Minangkabau for hundred of years, in fact since the 15 th century. In Adat Perpatih – a matrilineal structure with mother-rights providing the rules for succession and inheritance, which developed in areas occupied by the Minangkabau people in Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Today only  minimal aspects of the „adat‟ is followed, and changes in how society perceives and embraces life has further  lessened the impact and importance of Adat Perpatih. Culture may change and so does the position on the continuum. This  can be illustrated by one saying in the „adat,‟

                     Yang buruk dibarui: the old, to be renewed
                     Yang usang diganti: the withered to be replaced

However, people who practices Adat Perpatih live in harmoniously together yet, had strong bond of family relationships as they are unite as one. One for all, All for one. Thank you.

ROLES OF UNDANG

When the British came, the undang and his adat chiefs lost their administrative power. All that remained was the undang's authority in adat and religious affair. However, according to the N egeri Sembilan
Constitution, the undang is a permanent member of the Council of the Yang Dipertuan Besar and the Ruling Chiefs.Under this constitution, the undang also has certain privileges and in some aspects his power is equal to. that of the Yang Dipertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. The Undang has related to machinery of government except, "ruler" in the constitutions indicates Yang Dipertua Besar and the four undang. The dualism appears in matters of adat land, where the presence and the opinions of adat chiefs, especially the buapak and lembaga, are always sought by the district officer and assistant district officers. Cases which they can not  t settle have to be brought to the undang for arbitration.

ROLES OF LEMBAGA

The head of a suku is the lembaga. The lembaga was responsible for the administration of his suku, both socially and legally. Once elected, he would remain in office for life or until he was deposed by his anak buah (clan members) and/or the undang if he went against or broke any of the stated rules of etiquette.

ROLES OF BUAPAK

The suku was sub-divided into several perut. The head of a perut is called buapak or bopak in the local dialect.However, in some suku, such as Semelenggang,Mungkal, Tiga Nenek and Selemak, there was only one buapak for all the perut in the suku. The number of buapak, too, varied over time: in 1910 there were only 64 buapak [loco dt.], by 1943 the number had increased to 102,9) and by 1963 it had dropped to 73.10).The buapak's responsibilities, power and authority were limited to his perut only. Since a buapak was elected by unanimous vote, the members of the perut could depose him. Otherwise, he would remain in office for life. The buapak was elected in rotation from several ruang within the perut.

ROLES OF KADIM

Roles of kadim is they advised the undang on all internal and external affairs. They had to reach unanimous agreement before the undang could take any action. A suku or clan was the largest descent grouping  It consisted of a body of people whose claims to membership was either birth through their mothers or by adoption through the process known as kadim. Members of a suku could not necessarily trace their connection to each other, though they all believed that they had a common ancestress.The twelve suku were:

1. Biduanda,
2. Batu Hampar
3. Paya Kumbuh
4. Mungkal
5. Tiga Nenek
6.Semelenggang
7. Selemak
8. Batu Belang
9.Tanah Datar
10. Anak Aceh
11. Anak Melaka
12.Tiga Batu

It was their duty to lead and organize any ceremonies in the group, acts as arbiter in conflict among families members and see member of rumpun ( the eldest male in the family) live harmoniously, besides representing rumpun in any outside activities including voting a new besar.

ROLES OF STATE

In ruling the day-to-day affairs of the luak, the undang had a council of advisers, that is, the Orang Besar Undang (Ministers to the Undang), who were also called as Pegawaz" Pada Undang (Officials of the
U ndang) or Tongkat Sokong Pada Lembaga (Supports of the Lembaga)
There were four of them:

1. Datuk Raja Diraja from Suku Biduanda Jakun, who assumed the duties of secretary to the undang and         was in charge of the religious affairs
2. Datuk Menteri Lela Perkasa, also from Suku Biduanda Jakun, who was responsible for all judicial cases       of the state
3. Datuk Mangkubumi from Suku Biduanda Jawa whose responsibilities were collecting land revenues and        keeping account of the total state revenue besides looking after the treasury
4. Datuk Shahbandar from suku Biduanda Jakun and suku Biduanda Jawa by rotation who was responsible      to collecting import duties